There are several publications and papers that explore the theme of using blockchain solutions for authenticating human-created content or related topics. Here are a few of them:
1. Combat Fake Content using Blockchain and Collective Signature Technologies
The rise of social media and the internet has reshaped our understanding of reality, influencing various aspects of our lives including politics, economics, and relationships. This is largely due to the proliferation of misinformation and disinformation spread by both individuals and organizations. The rapid advancement of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) technologies has further exacerbated this issue, enabling the creation of highly convincing fake digital content. Additionally, the ability to tailor content feeds and create echo chambers amplifies this problem. To address these challenges, this paper introduces TRUSTD, a blockchain and collective signature-based ecosystem designed to authenticate content and empower users to assess its credibility. Through community validation, TRUSTD aims to combat the dissemination of fake content and promote trustworthiness in digital information (Z. Jaroucheh; M. Alissa; W. J. Buchanan; X. Liu - 2020).
Abstract: The growing trend of sharing news/contents, through social media platforms and the World Wide Web has been seen to impact our perception of the truth, altering our views about politics, economics, relationships, needs and wants. This is because of the growing spread of misinformation and disinformation intentionally or unintentionally by individuals and organizations. This trend has grave political, social, ethical, and privacy implications for society due to 1) the rapid developments in the field of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms in creating realistic-looking yet fake digital content (such as text, images, and videos), 2) the ability to customize the content feeds and to create a polarized so-called "filter-bubbles" leveraging the availability of the big-data. Therefore, there is an ethical need to combat the flow of fake content. This paper attempts to resolves some of the aspects of this combat by presenting a high-level overview of TRUSTD, a blockchain and collective signature based ecosystem to help content creators in getting their content backed by the community, and to help users judge on the credibility and correctness of these contents (Z. Jaroucheh; M. Alissa; W. J. Buchanan; X. Liu - 2020).
2. Blockchain Technology: Redefining Trust for Digital Certificates
University certificates play a crucial role in shaping individuals' career prospects and enabling employers to assess candidates' qualifications. However, existing certification systems suffer from inefficiencies, complexities, and susceptibility to fraud. The Blockcerts project, initiated by MIT and Learning Machine in 2016, offers a promising solution by leveraging Blockchain technology to issue tamper-proof digital certificates. By providing a secure and convenient platform for certificate issuance, Blockcerts ensures the authenticity and permanence of academic records. The University of Rome “Tor Vergata” has embraced this technology through a pilot program, aiming to streamline the diploma issuance process and enhance certificate security. This paper provides a technical overview of the Blockcerts framework and evaluates its potential impact on certificate issuance practices, advocating for broader adoption of Blockchain technology in the education sector (G. Capece; N. L. Ghiron; F. Pasquale - 2020).
Abstract: University certificates can have a significant impact on people’s lives: they can help people get the job they want or allow companies to decide whether a candidate for a job has the appropriate skills. Despite their important social role, current systems for certifying academic achievements are slow, complicated, expensive, and vulnerable to forgery. In the education field, the Blockcerts project, an open source project launched by MIT and Learning Machine in 2016, seems to have the potential to become a new standard for issuing certificates using the Blockchain technology as a platform. It enables students to quickly and easily get a verifiable, tamper-proof version of their diploma. Additionally, the infrastructure provides permanence, convenience, and a level of security appropriate to the importance of the record, guaranteeing the legitimacy of the diploma. The University of Rome “Tor Vergata” started a pilot program in 2018 adopting the Blockcerts framework to issue digital diplomas. In this paper, we describe the whole process from a technical perspective and analyze the impact that a broad adoption of the Blockcerts standard might have, as compared to the current way of issuing diplomas at the University of “Tor Vergata”. Our aim is that our work might contribute to building momentum for the application of the Blockchain technology to digital certificates and stimulate further discussion with other institutions to fully exploit the potential of the technology (G. Capece; N. L. Ghiron; F. Pasquale - 2020).
3. Decentralized Name-based Security for Content Distribution Using Blockchains
In the realm of Information-Centric Networking (ICN), the use of user, content, and device names as security measures has garnered significant interest. This paper introduces a novel approach that leverages Hierarchical Identity Based Encryption (HIBE) to establish secure content distribution mechanisms based on content names. Unlike traditional methods, each user in our system maintains their own Private Key Generator, eliminating the key escrow issue common in similar solutions. Furthermore, we utilize blockchains to distribute system parameters in a decentralized manner, ensuring transparency and reliability in content owner authentication (N. Fotiou; G. C. Polyzos - 2016).
Abstract: User, content, and device names as a security primitive have been an attractive approach especially in the context of Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architectures. We leverage Hierarchical Identity Based Encryption (HIBE) to build (content) name-based security mechanisms used for securely distributing content. In contrast to similar approaches, in our system each user maintains his own Private Key Generator used for generating the master secret key and the public system parameters required by the HIBE algorithm. This way our system does not suffer from the key escrow problem, which is inherent in many similar solutions. In order to disseminate the system parameters of a content owner in a fully distributed way, we use blockchains, a distributed, community managed, global list of transactions (N. Fotiou; G. C. Polyzos - 2016).
Overall, detecting fake content using blockchain is crucial for preserving trust, protecting against manipulation, combatting malicious actors, empowering users, and promoting accountability in the digital age. As the prevalence of fake content continues to rise, blockchain-based solutions offer promising avenues for addressing this pressing challenge and fostering a more trustworthy and reliable digital environment.
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